Excavator Learning Content

The following is a summary of the main contents of the excavator.

The learning of the excavator consists of four modules.

1. The basic structure and working principle of the excavator. This section aims to familiarize trainees with the performance and function of the overall structure of the excavator and to master the standard operating methods of each unit. Mainly learn the name and function principle of power equipment, work equipment, walking mechanism, operating system control, hydraulic system, electrical and electronic control.

2. The excavator safety operation procedures and precautions, the purpose of learning this module is to enable the trainees to master the safe operation of the excavator during the construction process to avoid accidents. The main content of the study is the daily inspection of the excavator, on-site construction analysis, operational safety instructions, driving, parking and parking safety instructions.

3. The various operating skills of the excavator are trained. This module is the focus of the actual operation, and the use time is relatively long. Through the learning of this module, the students can master the various working conditions and operation methods of the excavator. Independent construction capability in terms of operational skills. About the operation. The main learning activities of the module include: excavation, shovel, trenching, backfilling, leveling, gully, overgroove, up and down slope, slope repair, loading, one-way steering, local steering and support, excavation foundation, slotting , set up swamps, trap self-help, monorail drive, FW, etc. ARD and reverse manual operation, as well as transporting carts up and down. Through repeated practice and skill, the trainee can easily control the excavator.

4. The maintenance of the excavator. Through the study of this module, the trainees can master the routine maintenance and repair methods of the excavator as well as the diagnosis and elimination of common faults. The main basic principles of this module are: prevention and mandatory maintenance. Learn the classification of excavator maintenance: regular maintenance, maintenance cycle, seasonal maintenance. Learn daily maintenance: check fuel, oil, hydraulic oil, gear oil, cooling water. Learn to check the grease: Apply grease to the boom, arm, bucket and hinge pins of each cylinder. Learn how to replace the consumables of the excavator. Learn how to diagnose and troubleshoot common problems and techniques.

The World's Smallest Excavator, Small Size, Can Work

The world's smallest excavator weighs only 300 kilograms. The smallest excavator naturally has its own use. The world's smallest excavator is PC01 produced by Komatsu, Japan, because Japan is an island country, in many places, the streets are narrow. In order to meet the needs of construction work in a small area, Komatsu has produced this miniature excavator to deal with various narrow and inaccessible environments. Komatsu excavators are only 55 cm wide, which means people can enter as long as they can enter. It has the following advantages:

1. small size

The small size means that Komatsu can work in some very small areas, which is equivalent to one person's height, while other excavators cannot. For example, in a villa's back garden, greenhouse, orchard, and buildings in these places, if a large excavator comes in, it will cause a lot of damage.

2. light weight

Light weight and can be moved, which means you can steal it if you just find a van, no, it is going to be carried. So why do Japanese people develop such miniature excavators? This is the need of the market and life. It is said that the price of Komatsu is about 120,000 yuan, so the villa industry is mainly used to open its own backyard and garden. Komatsu PC1 is a good choice.

3. the price is close to the people

The price of Komatsu PC01 ranges from 50,000 yuan to 200,000 yuan, but a friend who likes it can also set up a second-hand. The price is between 30,000 and 50,000 yuan. It is very windy to take the Komatsu PC01. Komatsu PC01 can rotate 360 ​​degrees, the moving speed is not low, it will give you the feeling of braking.

The World's Largest Excavator, 96 Meters High And 215 Meters Long

Whether it is building a house in the countryside or building a high-rise building in the city, some mechanical equipment is common, such as cranes and excavators. These mechanical devices not only improve work efficiency, but also reduce physical labor, which is what children see. How big is the machine? Today is the largest excavator in the world. How big is it?

Its name is Bagel 288. This excavator is known as the "land carrier." This excavator was developed by Krupp. If you look closely, he is like a huge steel monster that makes you feel yourself. This excavator is extremely small, 96 meters high, 215 meters long and weighs 45,000 tons. It is as large as a standard football field, two and a half, wider than the aircraft carrier.

There are 18 buckets on the wheel of this excavator. Each bucket can easily accommodate eight adults. The runner has a diameter of 21.6 meters and is about 7 layers. Standing in front of it and saying that it is an "ant" is not excessive. This excavator still maintains the Guinness World Record. Of course, with such a large size, the cost and time to manufacture it is amazing.

It is understood that the cost of this excavator has reached 700 million yuan. It was developed in 1978 for a total of five years. However, its efficiency cannot be underestimated. This excavator can excavate 250,000 cubic meters of coal per day. This means that it can dig into Mount Fuji in Japan in one day, because Mount Fuji is too big, one can't control it, and it takes 5 people to fully control it.

Although its advantages are obvious, the disadvantage is that it is too large in size and slow to move. It takes one minute to walk 10 meters, not to mention its speed and energy consumption. This excavator is dry, absolutely A king. Generally speaking, the working place of this excavator is fixed because the cost of one-time handling is also very expensive.

Komatsu PC360 Excavator Rotary Motion Jitter

Whether the excavator is loaded or unloaded, the rotating action is essential. Hundreds of thousands of cycles can be successfully performed every day to ensure the quality and efficiency of the project.

Due to the high frequency of use, faults such as swing, sway, and slow movement often occur during construction.

Today, what I want to share with you is how to effectively handle the first detected swing motion. Save time and stop the machine, accurately eliminate the fault, and leave no hidden dangers.

Fault phenomenon:

This is a typical failure case. During the on-site inspection, the maintenance personnel learned that the Komatsu PC360 excavator had a slight jitter at the beginning of the swinging motion, which was normal after about two or three seconds, and stopped when the handle returned to the neutral position. There was also jitter in the first two seconds.

Excavator swing motion jitter analysis check:

According to the daily maintenance experience, the maintenance personnel first analyzed the problem of the rotary motor, disassembled the motor cover, and found that the contact surface between the distribution plate and the cylinder block was seriously worn. At that time, people thought that the fault had occurred.

However, after replacing the new test machine, the test machine failure still exists. The maintenance personnel disassemble the swing motor again and check it carefully. It was found that the seal gap under the rotary brake cylinder was small. After replacing the seal, the test machine is normal.

process result:

After replacing the seal under the brake cylinder, it works normally. There are a lot of machine friends who have seen some loops here. Why is there a small gap in the seal that can cause such a serious failure?

If there is a gap in the seal, the brake cylinder will not be tightly sealed and the braking time will be longer. When the rotation starts, the brake is not fully released, the spring will shake for a while, and when the rotation stops, the braking time will be shortened. The effect of the valve is not obvious, so it will also shake.

Under Extremely Cold Weather Excavator Driver Needs To Know

In this article, we will introduce some of the issues that excavator drivers need to be aware of in cold weather.

1. For cold weather, choose the right fuel and oil

The low temperature in winter makes the diesel fluidity worse, the viscosity increases, it is not easy to spray, and the atomization effect is poor. Therefore, the diesel model should be selected based on the lowest temperature of 7-10 °C below the current local season.

10 diesel engine: suitable for high speed diesel engine with preheating equipment

5 Diesel: Suitable for temperatures above 8 °C.

0 diesel: suitable for use at temperatures from 8 ° C to 4 ° C

-10 diesel: suitable for use at temperatures from 4 ° C to -5 ° C

-20 Diesel: Suitable for use at temperatures from -5 ° C to -14 ° C.

-35 Diesel: Suitable for use at temperatures from -14 ° C to -29 ° C.

-50 Diesel: Suitable for temperatures below -29 ° C to -44 ° C or below -29 ° C.

This is currently the domestic application of light diesel oil is divided into 7 labels according to the freezing point, the appropriate amount of diesel should be selected according to the local minimum temperature to avoid the diesel being frozen.

At cold temperatures, the oil becomes more viscous, causing increased engine load, affecting performance, and even damaging parts. In order to ensure good performance output of the engine, special low viscosity oil should be selected at low temperature, and special antifreeze oil can be used if necessary.

2. the correct use of antifreeze

In cold weather, choose a lower freezing point antifreeze and select the appropriate antifreeze according to the lowest temperature in the area. If necessary, drain the coolant after work breaks every day to prevent the coolant from freezing, causing the engine to fail to start and damage related parts. However, it should be noted that the engine is running at idle speed before the flameout. When the cooling water temperature drops below 60 ° C, the water is not hot and then the water is turned off. The water discharged from the bucket is placed in the cab and added the next day. Also very good.

3. How to start excavator

Diesel engines often start to run hard at cold temperatures. First, the battery is low, and the battery will be seriously degraded in a low temperature environment. The battery is not enough to drive the motor, causing the motor to fail to start. Therefore, it is especially important to protect the battery in a cold environment. After the work is finished, the battery can be taken out and stored in a dry, temperature-friendly place to keep the battery charged. Another reason for the difficulty in starting the engine in winter is that the speed is not high, the preheating is insufficient, and the diesel does not reach the combustion temperature. There are two general preheating methods: air preheating and combustion chamber warming. Ordinary engines are air preheated. We can find that the old excavator does not have a preheating function and often needs to spray the starter fluid. To help warm up, many new machines now have this feature, usually in the cab start switch. Before the excavator starts, it is usually preheated for 5-10 minutes before starting the excavator.

4. Some misunderstandings of excavators in low temperature environment

In heavy snow, visibility is low and the ground is covered with thick snow. When walking, it is forbidden to walk upwards, otherwise it is easy to cause danger such as side slip. Check the ground conditions during operation and operate at a constant speed. If the engine is difficult to start, do not operate the starter for more than 15 seconds. The interval between starts should be more than 30 seconds to avoid burning the motor. The engine cannot be started. It is forbidden to grill the engine intake pipe or even the fuel tank with an open flame. This seems to be possible, but in reality it can damage the engine and burn the machine, causing a fire.

You Must Know The Seven Reasons Why The Excavator Tubing Bursts

Hydraulic tubing electric squibs are a headache for many excavator masters. Due to the leakage of hydraulic oil caused by the electric squib, maintenance after the accident is time consuming and costly. So what are the common causes of hydraulic tube bursts?

1. use inferior hydraulic pipe

Many people in the original hydraulic pipe damage, in order to be cheap, many people choose quality inferior hydraulic pipe that does not meet the standard, the performance and reliability of this hydraulic pipe is far lower than the original.

In addition, the metal joints at both ends of the hydraulic pipe are poorly crimped, and the sealing and reliability cannot be guaranteed. After using for a period of time, there will be fuel consumption and even oil leakage. Therefore, the replacement of hydraulic pipes must use regular large brand products.

2. the hydraulic system pressure is too high

The pre-set pressure of the hydraulic system increases the likelihood of an explosion. The method is to test the pressure generated by the main pump in combination with various actions. If the pressure value is confirmed to be too large, the pressure of the multi-way valve can be appropriately reduced.

3. the hydraulic oil temperature is too high

If your machine's hydraulic system is hot, it will also affect the sealing of the hydraulic components, causing the pipe to explode; in addition, high temperatures can cause the hydraulic components to expand, causing the valve plug and the valve body to get stuck, causing local high temperatures and causing the pipe to burst.

4. Mix different grades of hydraulic oil

The excavator factory uses 46 hydraulic oil by default. If you add 68 hydraulic oil commonly used in the accessory library during use, the hydraulic oil will be unstable and damage the parts. High viscosity hydraulic oil has poor fluidity, which can cause high pressure in the hydraulic system, causing pipeline leakage.

5. bad operating habits

If the operator is rude during operation, a large impact load can create a transient impact pressure in the hydraulic system. Impact pressure can cause premature failure of high pressure tubing joints and hoses, pressure or bursts, greatly reducing hydraulic pressure. The service life of the pipe. In addition, rude operations can affect the durability of other components, resulting in frequent mechanical failures. Therefore, the operation of the excavator must be gentle, do not do high-intensity, high-risk movements.

6. hydraulic tube corrosion

Although most hydraulic pipes currently have a certain degree of corrosion resistance, after a long period of exposure of rubber products to diesel oil, the colloids are fluffy. Produce certain adverse effects, try not to let the hose contact with gasoline and diesel. Generally, rubber will expand the colloid and fluff when soaking gasoline and diesel for a long time. Therefore, in normal use, contact with corrosive liquids such as diesel should be avoided, and the outer surface of the hydraulic pipe should be cleaned frequently.

7. Abnormal vibration of hydraulic pipe

Both the gear pump and the plunger pump have oil pulses during operation. This pulsation causes high frequency vibration of the hydraulic pipe, and this high frequency vibration cannot be completely eliminated. Long-term abnormal vibrations can cause fatigue and wear of the hydraulic pipe. Therefore, be sure to check the pipe clamps and protective sleeves of the hydraulic pipes. Once the pipe clamp is loose, it will wear the hydraulic pipe and even wear the hydraulic pipe.

Excavator Leveling Tips

For beginners in excavator, leveling is not an easy task. Let's take a look at the techniques of leveling.

1. Mark as reference point

If you stand on the ground and can see something on the same level, you can make a mark and use them as a reference point.

2. Remember to find peace of mind

When the excavator is leveled, you can't be greedy. You should pay attention to it. Old drivers are usually far from reaching levels because it is difficult to coordinate when you reach your arm; so keep your arms vertical as you are level. This line oscillates back and forth, extending forward through one or two vertical lines, far enough to form a vertical line.

3. First find a flat excavator

The excavator itself must be flat. If you are not flat, it is difficult to level it. After finding the bucket, place the bucket on the water and turn it over. Do not move the boom. If the excavator is flat, the left and right pendulums are flat.

4. Look for time to see if there is an error

The error must be adjusted in time. Generally, on an excavator, it is not high or low. This is a phenomenon that everyone will have. So after you have found one or two paragraphs, take a look at it. When you find an error, check the error. Then adjust, some people's vision error self-adjustment habits are very good, some people can't do it, so you have to look down.

5. Rational use of surrounding reference materials

It is also more useful to learn to use surrounding reference objects as a standard. There is no need to refer to the standard point. It is not too wide and can't find the level. It depends on the terrain to determine the height from low to low. In fact, the leveling measurement is also something I have to take a look at, think about it, plan it, and do it again.

Reasons For Derailment Of Excavator Tracks

In this article, let's look at the cause of the track derailment of the excavator.

1. For external reasons, the chain is digging and the tracks are in the dirt or gravel. The rugged terrain will cause the track shoes to be seriously out of balance and prone to failure.

2. The operator's operational skills are not enough. When the excavator turns or walks, it may cause misalignment.

3. The four-wheeled belt is not on the same plane, causing the track to derail, which is often caused by damage to the guide wheels. Care must be taken to see if the screws on the guide wheel are missing, if there is a break, the groove of the card guide wheel, if there is any modification, etc., if necessary, the guide wheel should be replaced.

4. When the oil seal of the tensioning cylinder leaks and the spring of the tensioning device breaks, the track belt will be too loose, causing melting problems. It should be checked in time whether the fastening cylinder forgets to butter and whether the fastening cylinder leaks oil.

5. When the chain protection device is severely worn, the excavator is also lost. The chain guard does not limit the track very well, and the track shoe swings too much, causing the chain to break.

6. The excavator travels for too long, the track must be worn, and the wear of the chain ribs, chain barrels, etc. on the track will also cause the track to lose its lock.

7. For the ring gear of the drive motor, when the wear is too severe, it needs to be replaced in time, which also causes the excavator to lock.

Things You Need To Know To Run A Small Excavator

Operating a good excavator is not an easy task. There are many places in the business process that need attention. I will tell you some tips on how to operate a small excavator.

1. Excavator procurement

Operating the excavator is actually started from the stage of choosing to buy an excavator, which is a tool for making money in the future. There are many considerations for purchasing small excavators, such as the market reputation of brand excavators, fault conditions, approximate operating costs, basic fuel consumption, maintenance and repair cycles. If you are not sure, you can find a friend who is familiar with small digging. There is one more thing to consider when buying an excavator. Choose imported small digging or domestic small digging.

2. Excavator operator selection

If you are the owner of an excavator, it is especially important to choose which machine, which directly affects the service life and reputation of your excavator. Pay attention to the operator's choice, don't leave a few hundred people, choose an apprentice who just started or didn't care about the excavator. If the performance of a small excavator is not good, it will affect the future business.

3. Engineering selection skills

For small excavators, the cost of the contracted project needs to be estimated before it is completed. It is necessary to know what to do and make money. Contracting earth and stone works is not easy. Things under the earth are simply unpredictable. Others ask you to dig a foot and it may take a whole day to throw it out. This is a time-consuming and laborious task. Small excavators generally have shorter construction periods. Before each construction, you must first see what it is. Two hours a day is not worth it. If you work in the mountains, you must equip the hammer. The work of excavating foundations is often inseparable from cannons.

4. Excavator safety

Micro-excavation and small-digging are mainly used in rural, municipal, and water conservancy projects. The site needs to be transferred frequently and is inseparable from the trailer. The trailer selected first should not be too high, too high, and it is not easy to wipe the wire. Secondly, it is recommended to stop the air brake. There are also small digging pits that often go up the mountain, and the wheelbase of the trailer cannot be too long, otherwise the curve is difficult.

5. Small excavation maintenance

Maintenance is a step that cannot be ignored in the operation of excavators. Maintenance or infrequently affect the service life of the excavator. The entire car was filled with butter, the bottom of the tank was emptied, the oil was inspected, the water separator was drained, and the coolant was checked. The maintenance cycle of the excavator must be completed on time to ensure that the excavator is used for a longer period of time.

Easy Replacement Of Excavator Air Filter In Just Six Steps

Excavator air filter(excavator parts drawing system)is one of the important products of the engine. It protects the engine, filters hard dust in the air, provides clean air to the engine, prevents the engine from being worn by dust, and is reliable and durable for the engine. Sex plays a key role.

To avoid this, the filter must be installed as required to enhance routine maintenance practices. The excavator reaches the specified maintenance time. There are a lot of excavator spare parts drawing on www.partsdic.com. The general filter is replaced for 500 hours and the fine filter is replaced for 1000 hours. Below I will tell you the steps to replace the air filter.

Step 1: When the engine is not starting, open the rear door and filter end cover of the cab, remove and clean the rubber vacuum valve at the lower cover of the air cleaner case, check if the sealing edge is worn and replace if necessary. (Please note that it is forbidden to remove the air filter while the engine is running, or wear a protective eye shield if you use compressed air to clean the filter).

Step 2: Remove the air filter element and check if the filter element is damaged. If yes, please replace it in time. Clean the external air filter from inside to outside with high pressure air. Note that the air pressure should not exceed 205 kPa (30 psi). Illuminate the inside of the external filter with a light. If there is a small hole or thin residue on the filter element after cleaning, replace the filter.

Step 3: Remove and replace the air filter. Note that the internal filter is a disposable part. Do not clean or reuse.

Step 4: Clean the inside of the box with a rag. Note that high pressure air purge is prohibited here.

Step 5: Install the inside and outside of the filter element and the filter end cap correctly, and make sure the arrow mark on the cover is facing up.

Step 6: After the outer filter is cleaned 6 times or the working time reaches 2000 hours, the outer filter needs to be replaced. When working in harsh environments, the air filter maintenance cycle should be shortened appropriately. If necessary, an oil bath prefilter should be used to replace the oil in the prefilter every 250 hours.

How To Identify Various Oils Of Excavators

The quality of the oil directly affects the service life of the excavator. The cause of many failures in excavators is often due to the use of inferior oil. Although non-pure oils sometimes do not cause damage to equipment in a short period of time, they pose a significant potential hazard and the failure is too late.

Some of them are for cheap prices, they know they are buying non-pure oil. Some people spend their money on real oil, but they are tricked into buying fake oil. There are many kinds of oils for construction machinery. How to distinguish various oils? Here's a simple way for everyone to share.

1. Oil identification

First of all, how to identify the quality of oil, share four methods for everyone:

(1) Inferior motor oil has special oil color and oil taste, such as dark brown to blue-yellow, and has an acidic pungent smell. The real oil color is brighter.

(2) Observe the bubbles. After the oscillation, the bubble size gradually disappears, and the oil is yellow after being "suspended".

(3) The feeling of inferior engine oil is special. After the water is shaken, there is slight emulsification and stickiness, and the short steel wire can be pulled out. Counterfeit oils usually have turbidity.

(4) Appearance packaging observation, if the appearance of the oil is found to be illegible, the material is rough, it is likely to be fake oil. You must also pay attention to whether there is a security label.

2. Hydraulic oil mark

(1) Identification of hydraulic oil content of engineering machinery hydraulic oil. By visual inspection, if the oil was found to be milky white and turbid, it was proved that the hydraulic oil contained more water.

(2) Using the combustion method. Light it with a clean cotton gauze and a little oil. If the sound is "beep" or flashing, the oil contains a lot of water.

(3) In the high temperature test method, the measured oil is placed in a dry test tube, and then the test tube is heated to above 100 ° C. If the test tube emits a sound, the oil may be foamed or turbid, or bubbles may condense on the tube wall. Indicates that the oil contains more water.

3. Transmission oil identification

(1) Color identification, the real oil is generally red.

(2) When the real oil "hangs the bottle", it is not clean for a long time.

(3) When the real oil is shaken, bubbles rarely appear.

(4) Crude oil is not easy to remove and can be extracted.

3. Gear oil identification

(1) Careful observation of color, the real gear oil is generally black to black green.

(2) When the smell of oil is smelled, the real gear oil will have a burning smell.

(3) Observe the fluidity of the oil. After the real gear oil is "suspended", it is not clean for a long time.

(4) Observe the oil bubbles. After the real oil is shaken, bubbles rarely appear.

(5) Observe the viscosity of the oil. The real gear oil is not easy to remove after touching the hand and can be extracted.

4. Identification of diesel

The original diesel oil is yellow, the flash point is above 60 °C, the inferior diesel has a large residual carbon content, the color is black, and the flash point is only 43 °C. At present, the agricultural fuel supplied in China is No. 0 diesel and No. 1 is No. 20 diesel. The identification methods of the two diesel engines are as follows:

(1) Cooling test method: A small amount of diesel glass tube was placed in ice water. If it solidifies immediately, it is not O-type diesel. If it does not cure, it is O-type diesel. If there is no ice water, you can use cold water instead.

(2) Combustion discrimination method: Two kinds of diesel oil are used for combustion comparison. No. 20 diesel is black smoke, and No. 0 diesel is black smoke.

(3) Oil quality observation method: No. 0 diesel oil contains less wax, low density and yellow color. No. 20 diesel contains more wax, higher density and deeper color.

(4) Density test method: No. 0 diesel is lighter than No. 20 diesel. The two diesels are mixed in a transparent container. It can be seen that the No. -20 diesel sinks and the No. 0 diesel floats.

Who Is Responsible For The Injury Of The Excavator Operator

Excavators usually work in special environments, such as construction sites. Excavators are not an easy task. During the construction process, accidents sometimes occur, causing certain damage to the personal safety of the workers. What should I do if the hired person is injured?

1. Who is responsible for being employed by a private boss?

In fact, many excavator operators are employed by private individuals and are also employed by private bosses. What if the injured person is injured? According to Article 11 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Personal Injury Compensation Cases, if an employer engages in labor activities causing personal injury, it shall be liable for compensation. Therefore, the responsibility of the operator for personal injury is borne by the employer.

2. Who is responsible for being employed by the company's employer?

There are also some excavator operators in the form of employers and other employers. The excavator operator will establish a labor relationship with the company. The unit should be social insurance, including work injury insurance on the machine. When the excavator is injured, the social security fund shall pay compensation for work-related injuries. If the employer does not purchase industrial injury insurance for the operator, it shall bear the responsibility within the scope of the work injury insurance liability.

3. Third party intentional injury

If the third party’s infringement or intentional injury causes personal injury to the operator, the responsible party of the third party shall bear the corresponding liability for compensation. The third party’s infringement is caused by the excavation of the operator. The employer shall bear joint and several liability. The employer who has not purchased the work injury insurance shall bear the responsibility for compensation for work injury.

4. It is best for the operator to obtain an operating permit.

From the point of view of the excavator operator, in fact, many operators did not get the excavator operation qualification certificate. The insurance company has the right to refuse compensation for accidents caused by excavator operators who have not obtained the work permit. Therefore, it is recommended that you obtain a nationally recognized work permit through an excavator training school, etc., so that the accident will not be passive and a manifestation of personal safety.

5. How should the employer be responsible for the machine?

Both the individual employer and the employer must bear certain responsibility for the personal safety of the employed operator. It is best for an individual employer to purchase personal accident insurance for the operator. Employers should provide work injury insurance for the machine. This is both the responsibility of the driver and the responsibility of the operator.